· ALLERGIC REACTIONS    · INTOLERANCES    · ALLERGENS    · SENSITIZERS    · IRRITANTS    · DERIVED ALLERGENS

I have summarized my basic findings into these Allergy pages. It is critical to understand that allergies are not just an inconvienient or annoying itch or sneaze, they are the bodies warning reaction to content or exposure to substances that in many cases have the potential to be life threatening either immediately or in the long term. THE REACTIONS SHOULD NEVER BE IGNORED . What we now know is that allergies are not a simple or unusual response as first believed.

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FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

The function of the immune system is to protect the entire organism. To do this the system must evaluate the environment, sense the dangers and initiate the type degree and nature of each and every response to  stimulus. In effect it is the defense system that has evolved to ensure the continued survival of the species organism.

Included are LINKS to other pages and sites for specific allergies and related subjects, conditions. foods, additives, ingredients, and a number of associated resources.

My objective is to clarify and simplify what we know today, in such a manner that it can be  understood by the majority of people.

That does not mean that the subject is simple, but it is comprehensible.

We now know the immune system can be affected by almost every type of stimulous, physical factors, emotion psycological, environmental , chemical, energy, heredity etc. and that in turn some mechanism of the immune response will respond to some degree.     .

HISTORY

In order to understand allergies and the (sometimes confusing and misused) terms surrounding them we will first look at a brief history of allergies. Although people have shown reactions to plants animals and environments throughout history the term allergy was first used in1906 when a Vienese pediatritian ( Clemens Von Pirquet ) used the term to describe conditions he noted in some of his patients who reacted to things that were considered common place like dust, pollen and foods. Pirquet derived the term from the Greek words "allos" meaning other and "ergon" meaning work. The term originally applied to all types of reactions to what were considered common items. Yet he was not the first to record the relaction to common items, that priveledge was left to  Lucretius in the first century BC.  first to state one mans meat is another mans poison"

Originally believed to be a failure of the immune system it soon came to be known as Hypersensitivity, Sensitivitiy and intollerances. The terms were used interchangeably and without distiction until sometime in the 1960's when the concept of allergies was updated to reflect new understanding. This resulted in new classifications and began much of the confusion we have today.  

EARLY MEDICAL AND DISEASE HISTORY

The main problem with disease and diagnosis from Early History to post Renaissance is that diseases were considered the domain of the gods and spirits. Sickness was attributed to spiritual causes, which included divine punishment by a disatisfied or angry god, the fulfillment of omens and superstitions, evil spirits, witchcraft, or the ill will of another person for individual wrong doing, or social sins. When people became sick they turned to a shaman, priest, spiritual leader, healer, magician,

sorceror, spirtual diviner, mystic or even witches, to act as an intermediary, and to  determine, the nature of the illness and identify the god responsible for curing the disease. From there they would make offerings or sacrifices to the gods or spirits of behalf of the affected, or guide them to do it on their own. In addition to  surgery, potions, elixers, foods and herbs, even the early medical practioners used and relied on incantations, spells, chanting, amulets, fetishes, and host of other methods to placate the gods and rid the body of evil fluids, elements, spirits and to cast out or exorcise the demons.

Basically the mechanisms of disease and  illness, were unknown and of little concern. Even when it was shown that disease was the result of contact heredity bad water, or bad food, or some other factor, it was treated as an unavoidable curse or punishment from God. Only God knew why; who was to be afflicted; who would recover who would die; and what the nature of the offence or evil was.  To some extent it didn't matter the nature of the affliction the diseases and those affected were treated with fear and superstition resulting in isolation, punishment, torture, death, and a wide range of religious and spiritual rituals. The best that could be done under the circumstance was to shorten or relieve suffering.  This included all diseases from earliest recorded diseases such as leprosy and plague; to the syphlis, gonnorhea and even the Bubonic Plague Black of the middle ages; and in varying degrees diseases up to the 20th century.  The first known account of a disease that many scholars believe is leprosy appears in an Egyptian Papyrus document written around 1550 B.C. Around 600 B.C. Indian writings describe a disease that resembles leprosy. In Europe, leprosy first appeared in the records of ancient Greece after the army of Alexander the Great came back from India and then in Rome in 62 B.C. coinciding with the return of Pompeii's troops from Asia Minor.

Yet the relationship of food, water, and air to illness and healing had been known and practiced since the beginings of medicine,

Stitches used 2000 BC

Many practitioners held or occupied more than one position as both physical and spiritual healers, such as one pharoah Zoser 3000 BC who was also considered a physician and divine leader. As early as 2700 BC Shen Nong considered the father of Chinese Herbal Medicine was the first to use ephedra to treat bronchial and asthma like conditions.

From Cuneiform texts of  1900-1700 BCE we know that specific diseases and maladies were attributed to specific gods, and spirits, and that all the earliest religions including Judaeism relied on rituals, and sacrifice to appease the gods. By 1900 BC medical practioners were of three types, 1. Diviners responsible to the gods 2. Healer/Exorcists who created the spells and incantations, and 3. Physicians who performed surgeries and used herbs, concoctions, and bandages. The sacred texts of Hinduism recognized tuberculosis as well as other diseases as early as 1500 BC and the diseases were known to be contagious. and those catching the disease were being punished for associating with or trying to help those with the disease.

From Ebers Papyrus (1550 BC) we know there were remedies for asthma heatities bubonic plague dandruff, and more.

There are however records of reactions to common substances throughout history.  The first recorded incident of this nature being Menses the King of Egypt who was killed by a wasp sting (3640-3300 BC). Lucretius the Roman philosopher (98-55 BC) was the first to note that in reaction to common substances "What is food for some may be fierce poison for others".  Britannicus ( 41 -55 AD ) the son of Roman Emporer Claudius ( murdered before age 14 by his step brother Nero ) was so allergic to horses that he would break out in a rash and his eyes would swell shut.

In Egypt by the 2nd century BC , despite the knowledge of medicine acquired by centuries of mummification, and a list of practical remedies for some illnesses, treatments consisted primarily of  a mixture of religion magic, natural cures, and ridding the body of the bad humours with laxatives, purjatives and the use of willow leaves to speed healing, along with and range of herbal concoctions. Medical practioners could set bones, remove cysts, stop bleeding by pressure, and cauterize wounds, use hot wet compresses, emetics diuretics, and even ephedra acquired from the Chinese, but there was little or know understanding of disease or allergies.

"Ring around the rosey, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes we all fall down"

The simple words of the nursery rhyme capture the essence of the horror of the black plaguereferes to the dark ringed spots that appear on the skin from infected flea bites and describes the aromatic flowers and herbs people carried to dispell the obnoxsious odor, and ashes ashes refers both to the creamation of the bodies and the burial phrase ashes to ashes and refers to death as we all fall down.

to the

224 BC black death China

Read more: Epidemics of the Past: Bubonic Plague | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/cig/dangerous-diseases-epidemics/bubonic-plague.html#ixzz2bPaNVRso

Most allergists only test for IgE (immediate and more

serious) allergies, which accounts for only 5-10% of

food allergies.

Delayed food

allergies account for 90-95% of food allergies.

delayed food allergies

are the most difficult to pinpoint because of their cyclic

nature and because of a medical phenomenon called

“masking.”

The list of physical illnesses, diseases and health related

problems that can be explained primarily by this type of

allergy includes asthma, hay fever, itchy skin, headaches,

fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hives, stomach pain, irrational

behavior, edema (swelling), hyperactivity, muscle pain,

joint pain, reflux esophagitis or acid reflux, back pain,

acne, phlebitis, arthritis, anxiety, mood swings, dizziness

or tingling sensations, diarrhea or persistent bowel

problems, bad breath, constant congestion, irritating

twitches, eczema, depression, inability to concentrate,

and behavioral and emotional problems

http://www.thesuperallergycookbook.com/PDF/FoodAllergypaper.pdf

the relationship of food water and air to illness has been known and practiced since the beginings of medicine,

by 1905 Dr. Francis Hare had written a 1000 page book on the Food Factor in Disease,

By the 2nd Century AD the Greeks had classified illnesses as an imballance of the 4 body spirits or humours, sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic and by the 6th century they were considered an extension of "natural law  and thus the four humours were exteneded to include body fluids body parts and environmental factors, Blood (Heart, and air,  ), Phlem(Brain, water slow and stolid) Choler(Liver, fire, yellow bile hot-tempered,) Black Bile (Spleen, earth) The nature of illness. the type symptoms and  treatment was determined by the imbalance and interaction of Hot-(Fire,Air), Dry(Fire,Earth), Cold-(Earth-Water), and Wet-(Water Blood) resulting in being sanguine(sturdy, cheerful, confident...) or melancholic (bad humour, ill, feeling unwell.) These views prevailed and  determined the nature and location and type of treatment until, the 17th Century.

850-930 AD  Even the discovery of swelling and seasonal reaction to common roses and other substances called "rose fever" was discovered but did not notably disagree with the medical concepts and were viewed as nothing more than confirmation the existing religious spiritual and medical beliefs .

In the middle ages there were potions, elixers, bloodletting, cupping and a range of treatments all designed to rid the body of offending fluids and elements combined with religious rituals, prayers, penance and punishments all designed to clense the soul of the offending patient.  

By the 10th Century there is evidence that the Chinese practiced a form of immunization for smallpox created from dust of smallpox scabs. but there is know earliest known reactions to common. Richard III (1452-1455) was allergic to strawberries would break out in hives and used this reaction to accuse and eliminate Lord William Hastings. Disease such as the plague and cholera were believed to be spread by foul smelling air called "miasmas"containing particles of rotten matter and that maggotts worms and flies arose spontaneously from miasmas.  D isease such as the plague and cholera was believed to spread by foul smelling miasmas air containing particles of rotten matter and germs arose spontaneously like flies, worms and etc from rotting matter and it was strictly a matter of purity and cleanliness and Divine intervention that determined who was infected. Some diseases such as leprosy that ran in families or showed hereditary factors, were considered a curse and punishment by God on the entire family.  

In the 15th Century minerals and chemicals began to be used mercury, for syphlis, and minerals for Miner's disease,

and by 1565 man named Leonardo Bottallo gave the first known description to the seasonal allergy of "rose fever". Muslim scholars by this time were attributing the bubonic plague to microorganisms.  By this time (1540) stitching, was replacing the practice of cauterizing with boiling oil, tying off arteries, was practiced in amputations, and salves made of egg yolk , turpentine, oil of rose and mercury prevented infection, along with mineral and chemical remedies but medicine was still practiced by surgeon/barbers who used the same tools for both trades and over the next few centuries learned thier skills on the battlefield.  Anatomical knowledge was expanded through the disecetion of human cadavers, and the results published by Vesalius, and Falloppio, Fabrizio, and others,  Since Syphlis was not know in Europe until after Columbus return it is believed that the exchange of cultures brought to America, influenza, typhus, and smallpox, which Europeans acquired syphlis.  

I n the17th century Leeuwenhoek using a microscope discovered blood cells, bacteria, protozoa, and microorganisms. William Harvey described the circulation of blood (1628)

1656 Pierre Borel performed the first allergy test by applying egg to a patient's skin to demonstrate a reaction , and Richard Lower performed the first crude blood transfusions on animals (1665) and sheep to humans(1667).

1818 Hanes /bkybdekk first human to human transfusion.

Nicolaas Hartsoeker revealed and explained conception with spermatazoa.

The concept of treating patients with minute and ever increasing drugs and chemicals known as homeopathy that produced the same symptoms as the maladies being treated,was developed and was one of the early forms of treating allergy like conditions as well as illnesses.  

drug treatments included castor oil

In 1819 Dr. John Bostock described hay fever as a respiratory disease.

1860 Joseph Lister began to use carbolic acid to sterilize wounds, and in antiseptic surgery, and Hungarian Semmelweiss determined unwashed hands caused childhood infections.

1869 Charles Blakely performed the first skin test by applying pollen to broken skin.

Walter Reed discovered in 1901 that yellow fever was caused by something smaller than a bacteria which was called a virus.

1901 Karl Landsteiner discovers  first three blood groups A B and AB and by 1909 Type O

1907 blood type matching begins

1911 Dr Henry Dale identified histamine in the mechanism of allergy and Noon and Freem described the first immunotherapy.

By 1932 histamines had been identified as the causative agents of allergies.

1937 first Antihisamine drug, synthesised. Antihistamines first introduced to public in 1944

1939 Rh or Rhesus blood groups discovered discovered by Lansteiner

Electron microscope of 1940's identified the viruses for smallpox influenza, common cold, chickenpox, polio and in recent times AIDS.

in 1968 the role of IgE antibodies and their role was discovered.

1968 Dutch scientists discovered the connection between dust mites and allergies.

hormones during pregnancy trigger food sensitivity resulting in eczema.

first vaccination; first Hygiene, first microorganisms,

It wasn't until the 1960's that the mechanisms began to be understood  things he

In old English the word fever just meant feeling unpleasant. In fact, early pioneers in the field did not know exactly what was causing this “unpleasant” malady.

In http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/history-blood-transfusion

Uncommon allergies

Cold

Heat

Electromagnetic Radiation

Sunlight

Water

male seminal fluid

exercise

vibration

fabrics cotton, ...

metals

honey carries pollens of all kinds

“Emotional stress can precipitate allergic reactions, and relaxation techniques can moderate them. A person who is strongly allergic to roses, for example, may react to the sight of a plastic rose, demonstrating the involvement of the mind and the   brain.” In other words, you’re not making anything up, but your brain might trick you into thinking that you are.

allergy is characterized by an overreaction of the human immune system to a foreign protein substance ('allergen') that is eaten, breathed into the lungs, injected or touched.

sudden onset of allergy symptoms can make a people feel as if “impending doom” is right around the corner.

Intollerance is Metabolic trouble processing a substance

allergy is an immune system response

poison ivy can create some itchy days. Urushiol oil is extremely potent and can last for a long time. As MNN has reported , “ Only 1 nanogram of   urushiol   oil — a billionth of a gram — is needed to cause a reaction. The oil stays active for one to five years on a dead plant.”

INTOLLERANCES Unlike Allergic Reactions Intolerance Reactions Do Not Involve the Immune System . (See Common Intollerance Symptoms Below) They are usually the result of an individuals inability to digest breakdown or detoxify certain substances as a result of a deficiency of some chemical, enzyme or the right genetic material needed to produce the required products in digestion. These deficiencies are often tied to genetically inherited factors. This results in foods being only partly digested and worse, causing damage to the gut. Intolerance reactions are usually much slower in onset requireing hours even days to respond and are usually of a less severe nature. However some can be quite serious such as the Intollerance of many people, and cultures to handle alcohol or other substances that result in immediate and painfull symptoms.The four main food intolerances from which 75% suffer are Gluten, Dairy, Fructose and Yeasts. Failure to eliminate the source may result in the development of chronic symptoms resulting in the development of rheumatoid arthritis or other medical conditions.

         eg. Persons who suffer from lactase Intolerance (a deficiency of enzymes to digest the proteins in Milk) may develop symptoms half an hour to 2 hours after eating food containing lactose or may suffer from weight loss or malnutrion as a result of continuous or frequent exposure and so suffer continuous +/or frequent cycles of  diarrhea + constipation. Many intollerances can be compensated for with the addition of suplements, the specific enzymes, digestive aids, immune suppressing drugs, or drug therapies. However such is not yet the case with Allergies until such time as Gene replacement therapies or Gene Altering techniques become available.

ALLERGIES     Allergies always Involve the Immune System , and are known as Auto Immune Hypersensitive Diseases. Allergies are often confused with Intollerances. allergies are not just an inconvienient or annoying itch or sneaze, they are a warning reaction of life threatening potiential that should never be ignored. Contrary to popular opion allergies are not a figment of the mind and can never be treated by toughing it out getting used to it, ignoring it, or by continuous +/or repeated exposure to small or increasing amounts of the allergen. That type of treatement is reserved for some realm of some types of INTOLLERANCES The main types of allergies are Foods and Food Additives, Drugs and Medications, Chemicals and Elements, Plants and Animals, and Environmental. (See Reactions) Within the Food class the 10 most common allergies are

AUTOIMMUNE / HYPERSENSITIVE DISEASES or Allergies are Hypersensitive reaction diseases that basically fall into 4 Types or levels. Auto immunity is the failure of the immune system of a body or an organism to recognize its own cells, or parts and results in an immune response against its own (auto) cells and tissues. This Auto Immune response of damaging its own cells is is also called pathalogical, extreme or Hypersensitivity. People with Autoimmune diseases are considered to have a compromised immune systems, and this should be considered in all medications, diagnisis, and treatments and includes people with Coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Graves' disease, and rheumatoid arthritis for a more complete list see List of autoimmune diseases .

ALLERGIC REACTIONS are reactions of the immune system to allergens (see REACTIONS button above for Specific Allergic Reactions and substances, etc.) . Individual reactions may occur rapidly and cause a wide and varied range of immune responses from barely noticeable reactions which may take several days to notice.- to anaphylaxis (severe whole body reactions) which may result in sudden death . The degree of reaction may differ even within the same person in severity and form to each exposure to the allergen. . Generally response to each succesive exposure becomes increasingly more severe and longer lasting more severe and causes more damage. Allergies tend to increase in number and severity with age and may be the result of a number of factors affecting the immune system.(see Allergens below). Each exposure causes some form of permanent or difficult to repair celluar damage and generally triggers the immune system to increase sensitivity to the triggering allergen and often to other allergens as well. One unknown factor in Allergies is the tendancy for individuals to crave or be attracted to items containing the very substance to which they are allergic. There is no truth to the concept that continuous controlled or frequent exposure to even small amounts of an allergen will reduce allergic reactions and build immunity, and attempting to do so may in fact stress the immune system causing immune fatigue or supress the entire immune system . An Allergy is very different from an Intollerance . A person with an allergy should avoid any exposure to the Allergen, wherase a person with an Intolerance will not usually suffer long term damage and may continue exposure with the use of drugs or digestive aids and other supressents. (See Intollerance Reactions Below).

ALLERGENS: is the broad name for substances that on exposure trigger the immune system to respond and fight against the substance. The Allergens may cause any of the Common Allergic Reactions (see Common Allergic Reactions Table). The severity of response or quantity necessary to trigger a response may vary in individuals from a few molecules (such as a single contact or breath) to significant and larger quantities. Allergic Reactions may be from anything that introduces new proteins, or supresses the bodies immune system, enzyme system or chemical balance. or developed as a result of single or continuous exposure, or as the result of chemical changes in the body caused by genetics stress, disease, illness, injury, infection, virus, bacteria, parasites,(worms, fleas, ticks, mites, protozoa, amoebae, fungii) foods, drugs, medications, stimulants, immune fatigue , age, vitamin deficiencies, or environmental factors such as environmental change, sunlight, heat, cold, air quality, water, or polution. Often the Reactions are compound with more than one seemingly unrelated Allergic Reaction occuring at the same time . Many allergens are proteins from plants animals, insects, and microorganizims, that may enter the body by ingestion, inhalation, absorption, adsorption. direct contact or through the skin via punctures, slivers, splinters, cuts, wounds, open sores, bites stings, or simple touch contact.

SENSITIZERS are organic chemical substances that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical. The condition of being sensitized to a chemical is also called chemical hypersensitivity. Certain sensitizers have no immediate or noticable health effect. however if you are continuously or repeatedly exposed to them, they can create an allergy to the specific chemical or trigger a sensitivity that will include other chemicals and allergens. A classic example of a sensitiser is formaldehyde (CH2O). Typical reactions to sensitizers can include skin disorders but can include all other allergic type reactions.

IRRITANTS: are non organic chemical substances or physical factors that are not themselves allergens, but that like sensitizers, increase, complicate or in some cases even trigger allergic reactions as well as intolerance reactions. The effect of irritants is usually to trigger inflamation which can then trigger an immune response to the irritant chemical and/or to other chemical substances in the area. This results in an acquired allergy and an increased intollerance to the irritant, the effect of which is no different and no less severe than any other allergy and often far more severe. Some known irritants are sulphites, metals (nickle, cadmium, etc.) halides,(chlorine bromine) and heavy metals, sunlight, heat, cold and radiation. (see COMMON ALLERGENS AND IRRITANTS Table on Reactants page).

DERIVED ALLERGENS: These are the most difficult to figure out and understand. They are similar to Sensitizers in that they are organic in nature  but they are derived from what are usually safe

Proteins are made of a chain of dehydrated amino acids. When enzymes cut proteins into pieces they add water back to the site at which they cut, called enzymatic hydrolysis, for proteins it is called proteolysis. The initial products of this hydrolysis are polypeptides, and smaller products are called simply peptides; these are called wheat protein hydrolysates. These hydrolysates can create allergens out of wheat proteins that previously did not exist by the exposure of buried antigenic sites in the proteins.

When proteins are cut into polypeptides, buried regions are exposed to the surface, and these buried regions may possibly be antigenic. Such hydrolyzed wheat protein is used as an additive in foods and cosmetics . The peptides are often 1 kD in size (9 amino acid residues in length) and may increase the allergic response. [ 13 ] These wheat polypeptides can cause immediate contact urticaria in susceptible people.

                                                                             THE FIVE HYPERSENSITIVITY TYPES

TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY (immediate) Type 1 Hypersensitivity is linked specifically to the plasma cells secreting immunoglobuline E (IgE), one of the nine types of antibodies (see the Nine Antibody Types on the Immunes System PGE)

Type I hypersensitivity is the most commonly known by the general public and is the type most often associated with allergies. This type of Hypersensitivity is characterized by an immediate reaction that can range from mild discomfort to death. The most severe type of reaction anaphalaxis, occurs when an allergic response triggers a quick release of large quantities of mediators (histamines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes) that lead to the widening or dilation of the body's artieries, and veins. This is called vasodilation, and results in an immediate and sudden drop in blood pressure. This is often accompanied by a sudden build up of fluids in the lungs that causes constriction and results in difficulty breathing , this lethal combination can lead to death in a matter of minutes if left untreated. Hypersensitivity cannot be reduced or treated with repeated or continuous exposure to an allergen, and to the contrary may become so sensitive as to be triggered by allergens that are similar to the original allergen, in chemical, or molecular structure.What is important here is that none of the other types of Hypersensitivities demonstate such an immediate response.

TYPE II HYPERSENSITIVITY (Cytotoxic) much less known by the general public about this hypersensitivity also known as cytotoxic ( or cellular toxic ) hypersensitivity. The cells of the antibodies produced by the immune system response to the trigger bind to the cell surfaces of the patient's own antigens. This triggers B Cells to produce antibodies to remove what are now unrecognized and considered foreign antigen.The antigens recognized in this way may either be intrinsic (a natural part of the patient's cells "self antigen ") or extrinsic ( absorbed onto the cells during exposure to some foreign antigen, possibly as part of infection with a pathogen (virus, bacteria... )).  (Also see TYPE V HYPERSENSITIVITY ADCC)

         For example The drug penicillin can bind to red blood cells causing them to be recognised as different. B cell proliferation will take place and

         antibodies to the drug are produced. IgG and IgM antibodies bind to these antigens to form complexes that activate to eliminate cells interpreted

         as foreign pathogens. Acute inflammation mediators are generated at the site causing cell death. This hypersensitive reaction is much slower and

          takes hours or even a day to appear.

autoimmune hemolytc anemia Pemphigus vulgaris, thrombocytopenic purpura pernicicious anemia newborn Hemolytic disease.

TYPE III HYPERSENSITIVITY (Immune Complex) An immune complex occurs when antigens and antibodies (IgG or IgM) are present in roughly equal amounts and and cause cross linking and forming large immune complex macromolecuses that cannot be cleared from the system and deposit in tissues resulting in an inflammatory response and cause damage wherever they form. The combined body formed by a macromolecule (called an epitope) combined with an the antibody directed against that epitopes is recognized as a foriegn body by the immune system. Immune complexes deposit into the system and can cause diseases themselves and are a prominent feature of several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus Serum sickness   Arthus reaction, Lupus Nephritis  Systemic Lupus erythematosus, cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and Sjogren's syndrome,

The reaction can take hours, day or even weeks to develop..

TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY (cell mediated immune memory delayed hypersensitivity) This hypersensitivity reaction can take two to three days to develop. Unlike the other types, it is not controlled by antibody  response but rather by a type of cell-mediated immune memory response.

diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 1multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathies, contact dermatitis, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Hashimoto's thyroidities, Guillian Barre's syndrome, Coeliac disease,Chrons disease, Giant cell arteritis

TYPE V HYPERSENSITIVITY

Another form of AUTO IMMUNE DISEASE TYPE II hypersensitivity is called antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).  The associated diseases are often classified as Type II but are specifically segregated as Type 5 a sub categorey of Type II. Here, cells exhibiting the foreign antigen are tagged with antibodies (IgG or IgM) . These tagged cells are then recognised by natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages (recognised by way of the IgG bound these cells are then bound by a cluster of cells in an area of the NK cell surface called receptor CD16 (Fc RIII)), which in turn kill these tagged cells

Graves  disease

Myashenia Gravis

younger Doctors and vaccinations and experience

failure to recognize

assimulations

vaccine safety.edu

herd immunity

plagues

learned immunity black plague...

ALLERGIES - I

ALLERGY PAGES. The information on these pages is a compiled summary  of General and Specific ALLERGY related issues. It has been put together both as convenience and reference to help those dealing with allergies either personally or with a family member or friend to both understand and cope with the allergies.  

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